{"product_id":"9780190945404","title":"Clients and Constituents : Political Responsiveness in Patronage Democracies (Modern South Asia)","description":"\u003cp\u003eScholars of distributive politics often emphasize partisanship and clientelism. However, as Jennifer Bussell demonstrates in Clients and Constituents, legislators in \"patronage democracies\" also provide substantial constituency service: non-contingent, direct assistance to individual citizens. Bussell shows how the uneven character of access to services at the local level-often due to biased allocation on the part of local intermediaries-generates demand for help from higher-level officials. The nature of these appeals in turn provides incentives for politicians to help their constituents obtain public benefits. Drawing on a new cross-national dataset and extensive evidence from India-including sustained qualitative shadowing of politicians, novel elite and citizen surveys, and an experimental audit study with a near census of Indian state and national legislators-this book provides a theoretical and empirical examination of political responsiveness in developing countries. It highlights the potential for an under-appreciated form of democratic accountability, one that is however rooted in the character of patronage-based politics.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48666267779307,"sku":"00000_00000_00000_00000","price":73.22,"currency_code":"SGD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0758\/4484\/5803\/files\/9780190945404-1.jpg?v=1781608855","url":"https:\/\/kinokuniya.com.sg\/ja\/products\/9780190945404","provider":"Books Kinokuniya Singapore","version":"1.0","type":"link"}