{"product_id":"9781009635158","title":"The Venal Origins of Development in Spanish America (Cambridge Studies in Economics, Choice, and Society)","description":"\u003cp\u003eVenal Origins uncovers the legacy of 18th-century office-selling in Spanish America and its effects on local governance and subnational economic disparities. It shows how venal colonial officials fueled indigenous segregation, violent conflict, and institutionalized fiscal and labor systems that shaped the region's socio-economic current landscape.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48702411899115,"sku":"00000_00000_00000_00000","price":210.58,"currency_code":"SGD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0758\/4484\/5803\/files\/9781009635158-1.jpg?v=1781647750","url":"https:\/\/kinokuniya.com.sg\/zh\/products\/9781009635158","provider":"Books Kinokuniya Singapore","version":"1.0","type":"link"}