Uniquely, neural stem cells reside in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the gateway to memory formation. They give rise to new neurons that incorporate in the hippocampal circuitry and play pivotal roles in learning and memory in the mammalian brain. In Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Fred Gage, Orly Lazarov and a cadre of top authorities discuss the latest evidence and leader perspectives on this fascinating phenomenon and its implications for brain function in health, disease, and specifically dementia.