§07§This book describes results from minimal, biomimetic systems and primarily investigates membranes and active emulsions, as well as key aspects of both soft matter and non-equilibrium phenomena. §16§This book focuses on the assembly, organization and resultant collective dynamics of soft matter systems maintained away from equilibrium by an energy flux. Living matter is the ultimate example of such systems, which are comprised of different constituents on very different scales (ions, nucleic acids, proteins, cells). The result of their diverse interactions, maintained using the energy from physiological processes, is a fantastically well-organized and dynamic whole. This work describes results from minimal, biomimetic systems and primarily investigates membranes and active emulsions, as well as key aspects of both soft matter and non-equilibrium phenomena. It is shown that these minimal reconstitutions are already capable of a range of complex behaviour such as nonlinear electric responses, chemical communication and locomotion. These studies will bring us closer to a fundamental understanding of complex systems by reconstituting key aspects of their form and function in simp §16§le model systems. Further, they may also serve as the first technological steps towards artificial soft functional matter. §04§Membranes.- Microfluidic membrane networks.- Electrostatic interactions in membrane fusion.- Phase contrast X-ray imaging of lipid membranes.- Oscillating droplets: Chemical micro-oscillators.- Swimming droplets: Artificial squirmers.- Interacting droplets: Collective dynamics.- Conclusions and Outlook.- Appendices.- Materials and Methods.- Hydrodynamic flow fields with axial symmetry.
