§07§Shekhovtsov's essays delve into practices of Russian political warfare designed to advance Moscow's objectives in European countries and certain African states. §16§Political warfare is a grey area between peace and war. It involves a diverse array of methods and instruments that go beyond traditional diplomacy and soft power but stops short of open kinetic conflict using nations' regular armed forces. This collection of Anton Shekhovtsov's essays delves into practices of Russian political warfare designed to advance Moscow's strategic and tactical objectives in European countries and certain African states. It reveals how Russian state actors and pro-regime stakeholders meddled in elections, politicised and weaponised the COVID-19 pandemic, amplified religious conflicts, undermined democratic institutions, and corrupted political forces. §02§Andreas Umland, M.Phil. (Oxford), Dr.Phil. (FU Berlin), Ph.D. (Cambridge), Research Fellow at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs in Stockholm, Senior Expert at the Ukrainian Institute for the Future in Kyiv, and Associate Professor at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. §02§Nathalie Loiseau, MEP, is a member of the Renew Europe Group, Chair of the Subcommittee on Security and Defence of the European Parliament, and former Minister for European Affairs of France (2017-2019).
