Although he was primarily known as a literary critic and philosopher of language, Shields (educational organization and leadership, U. of Illinois) feels that many of the ideas of Mikhail Bakhtin hold special relevance for educators. The primary concepts she deploys from Bakhtin's work are: chronotope, which "emphasizes the agency of individuals within the realities of space and time;" heteroglossia, the "multi-vocal and multi-perspectival approach to life that, according to Bakhtin, is inherent in day-to-day interaction;" dialogism, which replaces monologic approaches to life with "living in openness to difference;" and carnival, which subverts the hierarchy of everyday institutional life. Annotation 2007 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)