Chen (religious studies, U. of the West, California) explores the phenomenon by taking as a case study one of the most important Chinese Buddhist monks, Daoxuan (596-667). Analyzing his writings, Chen focuses especially with his understanding of the crisis confronting the Buddhist community, which he attributed partly to shortcomings in ascetic and ritual practices of monks and nuns. He also describes the institution of the celibate monkhood. Quotations are in Chinese with English translation. Annotation 2007 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)