Non-Thermal Processing of Functional Foods

Functional foods, also known as nutraceuticals, began to gain prominence in the 1980s in Japan as “foods for specified health use” and became more widely recognized in the 1990s as research and interest in foods that could provide specific health benefits beyond essential nutrition grew worldwide. These foods are typically enriched with bioactive components or formulated to contain substances or live microorganisms with a possible health-enhancing or disease-preventing value and at a safe and sufficiently high concentration to achieve the intended benefit. Usually, the added ingredients are classified as nutrients, dietary fiber, phytochemicals, other substances, or probiotics. The production, storage, and consumer consumption of these functional foods require special attention to preserve quality attributes. The production process of these foods can be classified as conventionally used thermal processing methods and non-thermal alternatives. In addition, these processes may be combined with biological approaches involving enzymatic treatment and fermentation. The various non-thermal processes, such as ultrasounds, high-hydrostatic pressure, vacuum impregnation, high-voltage electrical discharge, cold plasma, pulsed light, ozonation, etc., can be utilized for a product to sustain/preserve quality attributes of the ingredients, long shelf life, and sensory qualities. This book compiles the latest non-thermal processing technologies to develop functional foods. The book discusses bioactivity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability related to nutrition and functional food ingredients. It has 16 articles on different aspects of non-thermal processing technologies. Chapter 1 has discussed a general overview of emerging technologies, and various non-thermal processing techniques are discussed in Chapters 2–6, 8–9, and 12. Chapters 7, 11, 13, 15, and 16 discuss food safety and preservation. We have discussed the functional foods and bioactive compounds in Chapters 10 and 14