§07§Covering the latest technologies in process engineering, this handbook and ready reference features high pressure processing, alternative solvents and processes, extraction technologies and biotransformations -- describing greener, more efficient and sustainable techniques. §16§Covering the latest technologies in process engineering, this handbook and ready reference features high pressure processing, alternative solvents and processes, extraction technologies and biotransformations -- describing greener, more efficient and sustainable techniques. The result is an expert account of engineering details from lab-scale experiments to large-scale industrial design. §The major focus is on the engineering aspects of extraction with organic and supercritical solvents, ionic liquids or surfactant solutions, and is supplemented by aspects of both up- and downstream processing, biotransformation, as well as a survey of typical products in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. This is rounded off by market developments, economic considerations and regulations requirements in the field§Authored by experts from leading industrial and academic institutions, this is essential reading for the hands-on scientist and office manager alike. §04§Preface§EXTRACTION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM PLANTS - AN INTRODUCTION§Introduction§Cultivation§Extraction§Extraction Techniques§Purification§SOLUBILITY OF COMPLEX NATURAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES§Introduction§Solubility Calculations§Thermodynamic Modeling§Examples§Summary§ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS IN PLANT EXTRACTION§Introduction§Ionic Liquids in the Extraction of Natural Compounds from Plant and Fungi§Surfactants and Aqueous Two-Phase Systems in Plant Extraction§Summary§HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSING§Introduction§Supercritical Fluids§Physical Properties - Mass Transfer Characteristics§Process Units§Process Design and Operation§Applications§PROCESS ENGINEERING AND MINI-PLANT TECHNOLOGY§Introduction§Chromatographic Screening§Preparative Task§Liquid-Liquid Extraction§Mini-Plant Technology for Extraction Process Development§Cost Estimation§Total Process Development§Future Developments§EXTRA §04§CTION TECHNOLOGY§Introduction§Extraction Process Basics§Experimental Procedures§Theoretical Modeling and Scale-Up§Industrial Extraction Equipment§EXTRACTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE AND ALGAE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BULK AND FINE CHEMICALS§Introduction§Products from Lignocellulose§Polysaccharides and Sporopollenin from Marine Algae§NATURAL PRODUCTS - MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND POTENTIALS§Introduction§Natural Products Market Overview§Natural Products in Food and Functional Food§Natural Products for Pharmaceutical Applications§Summary§REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS§Introduction§Definition of Plant Extracts as Medicines or Foods - A Borderline Issue§Application of Plant Extracts in Flavorings, Functional Foods, Novel Foods and Food Supplements§Requirements Concerning Quality and Safety Issues§Conclusions§
