§16§This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition, ICIAR 2008, held in Póvoa do Varzim, Portugal, in June 2008. The 110 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 226 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on image restoration and enhancement, image and video segmentation, non-linear image processing, image and video coding and encryption, indexing and retrieval, computer vision, feature extraction and classification, shape representation and matching, object recognition, character recognition, texture and motion analysis, tracking, biomedical image analysis, biometrics, face recognition, and a special session on recent advances in multimodal biometric systems and applications. §04§Invited Papers.- Image Restoration and Enhancement.- Image and Video Segmentation.- Non-linear Image Processing.- Image and Video Coding and Encryption.- Indexing and Retrieval.- Computer Vision.- Feature Extraction and Classification.- Shape Representation and Matching.- Object Recognition.- Character Recognition.- Texture and Motion Analysis.- Tracking.- Biomedical Image Analysis.- Biometrics.- Face Recognition.- Special Session: Recent Advances in Multimodal Biometric Systems.- Applications. §04§on.- A Neural Network Approach for Video Object Segmentation in Traffic Surveillance.- Non-linear Image Processing.- Color Photo Denoising Via Hue, Saturation and Intensity Diffusion.- Examining the Role of Scale in the Context of the Non-Local-Means Filter.- Geometrical Multiscale Noise Resistant Method of Edge Detection.- A Simple, General Model for the Affine Self-similarity of Images.- Image and Video Coding and Encryption.- Efficient Bit-Rate Estimation for Mode Decision of H.264/AVC.- Introducing a Two Dimensional Measure for Watermarking Capacity in Images.- Estimating the Detectability of Small Lesions in High Resolution MR Compressed Images.- JPEG Artifact Removal Using Error Distributions of Linear Coefficient Estimates.- Efficient Constrained Video Coding for Low Complexity Decoding.- Robust 3D Watermarking Technique Using Eigendecomposition and Nonnegative Matrix Factorization.- Indexing and Retrieval.- OntoAlbum: An Ontology Based Digital Photo Management System.- Wei §04§ghted Fuzzy Feature Matching for Region-Based Medical Image Retrieval: Application to Cerebral Hemorrhage Computerized Tomography.- Video Retrieval Method Using Non-parametric Based Motion Classification.- Computer Vision.- A General Algorithm to Recover External Camera Parameters from Pairwise Camera Calibrations.- Auto Exposure Control for Multiple-Slope Cameras.- Recovery of Surface Normals and Reflectance from Different Lighting Conditions.- Real-Time Spherical Videos from a Fast Rotating Camera.- Near Real-Time 3D Reconstruction from InIm Video Stream.- A Simple Shadow Based Method for Camera Calibration.- Monocular Head Pose Estimation.- Active Exploration Using Bayesian Models for Multimodal Perception.- Performance Considerations for a Real-Time Integral Image Camera in Ray Tracing Environments.- Camera Location and Aperture Characterization Using the Transformation between a 2D Plane and the Image Captured by the Camera.- Optimization in 3D Scene Acquisition with Two Mobi §04§le Robots.- Feature Extraction and Classification.- Feature Extraction Using Low-Rank Approximations of the Kernel Matrix.- Minimizing the Imbalance Problem in Chromatographic Profile Classification with One-Class Classifiers.- Efficient Bisecting k-Medoids and Its Application in Gene Expression Analysis.- Feature Extraction for Regression Problems and an Example Application for Pose Estimation of a Face.- On the Performance of Stacked Generalization Classifiers.- Shape Representation and Matching.- Binary Image Registration Using Covariant Gaussian Densities.- Shape Matching Using a Novel Warping Distance Measure.- Shape Learning with Function-Described Graphs.- Mo Músaem Fíorúil: A Web-Based Search and Information Service for Museum Visitors.- A Template-Based Shape Representation Technique.- From 3D Discrete Surface Skeletons to Curve Skeletons.- Object Recognition.- Measuring Graph Similarity Using Spectral Geometry.-