Examines early 20th-century German research efforts to study the translation of the Bible by Martin Luther. The author argues that these efforts reveal a strong leaning towards two kinds of nationalism: a volkish nationalism that paved the way for an extreme antisemitism and the success of Adolf Hitler, as well as a more moderate Christian nationalism that nevertheless was used to further German nationalism. Scholars looked at include Wilhelm Walther, Hans Schmidt, Emmanuel Hirsch, and Paul Althaus. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.