§16§Apoptosis plays a central role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Disruption of this control mechanism may cause serious human diseases such as encephalomyelitis and cancer. Thus, understanding of the molecular mechanisms of apoptotic cell death should lead to fundamental advances in the therapy of these diseases.§ §04§An Endonuclease Responsible for Apoptosis.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Results.- 3 Discussion.- References.- Cytopathic Feline Leukemia Viruses Cause Apoptosis in Hemolymphatic Cells.- Abstract.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cytopathic Infections with FeLV-C in Vivo and Direct Induction of Apoptosis in T4 Cells by FeLV-C.- 3 Killing of Lymphocytes by FeLV-FAIDS/p61C and Associated Variants.- 4 FeLV-C-Related Nonregenerative Anemia: Potential Role for Apoptosis.- 5 FeLV Genes Important in Cytopathicity/Apoptosis Induction.- 6 Speculative Relationship to Endogenous Virus Recombinants and Importance Across Evolution.- 7 Regions of FeLV p15E Important in Immunosuppression.- 8 Other Types of Cytopathic Disease Seen in Viremic Cats Which Could Have an Apoptotic Basis.- 9 So How Does FeLV Cause Apoptosis?.- 10 Other Retroviruses and Animal Viruses as Potential Causes of Apoptosis.- References.- Neurotoxicity in Rat Cortical Cells Caused by N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) and gp120 of HIV-1: Induction and Phar §04§macological Intervention.- Abstract.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Induction of Apoptosis in Rat Cortical Cells by HIV-1 gp120 or NMDA In Vitro.- 3 Prevention of Apoptosis in Cortical Cells In Vitro by Memantine and Flupirtine.- 4 Conclusion.- References.- Apoptosis of Mature T Lymphocytes: Putative Role in the Regulation of Cellular Immune Responses and in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection.- Abstract.- 1 Apoptosis of Immature T Lymphocytes.- 2 Apoptosis of Mature T Lymphocytes.- 3 Apoptosis of T Lymphocytes Induced by Superantigens and Conventional Antigen.- 4 Apoptosis of Mature T Lymphocytes In Vivo and Ex Vivo.- 5 Role of T-Cell Apoptosis in HIV Pathogenesis.- 6 Concluding Remarks.- References.- bcl-2: Antidote for Cell Death.- Abstract.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure and Expression of the bcl-2 Gene.- 3 Biological Function of bcl-2: Apoptotic Death-Sparing Activity.- 4 Role of bcl-2 in the Immune System.- 5 Role of bcl-2 in Neuronal Tissue.- 6 Role of bcl-2 in Lymphomagenesis.- 7 Role o §04§f bcl-2 in Other Systems.- 8 Analysis of bcl-2-Deficient Mice.- 9 Subcellular Localization of bcl-2: Multiple Membrane Locations.- 10 Biochemical Function of bcl-2 Protein.- 11 bcl-2 Related Genes and bcl-2 Associated Proteins.- 12 Epilogue.- References.- Apoptosis Mediated by the Fas System.- Abstract.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Fas, a Receptor for a Death Factor.- 3 Mutation in the Fas Gene of lpr-Mice.- 4 Fas-Mediated Apoptosis.- 5 Fas Ligand, a Death Factor.- 6 Physiological Roles of the Fas System.- 7 Perspectives.- References.- Myc-Mediated Apoptosis.- Abstract.- 1 Introduction.- 2 c-Myc-Mediated Apoptosis.- 3 s-Myc-Mediated Apoptosis.- 4 Escape from Myc-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- Clusterin: A Role in Cell Survival in the Face of Apoptosis?.- Abstract.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Clusterin-a Widely Expressed Multifunctional Protein.- 3 Clusterin Gene Expression in Apoptotic Epithelial Tissues.- 4 Clusterin Gene Expression in the Thymus.- 5 Clusterin Gene Ex §04§pression in Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) Retina.- 6 Clusterin Expression During Degenerative Processes in the Brain.- 7 Conclusions and Perspectives.- References.
