Most of us believe we should judge others less. Few of us manage it. The problem isn't simply a lack of kindness or willpower. The deeper problem is that we are bad at moral judgment. We are biased, self-deceived, tribal, and often more interested in protecting our own status than in discovering the truth. We exaggerate our virtue and inflate the faults of others. We are not impartial referees of the moral life; we are players quick to call fouls on one another. In Glass Houses, Jason Brennan defends the neglected virtue of grace. Grace means not merely forgiving others after the fact, but often refusing to rush to judge their character in the first place. It means extending goodwill as a default-treating people well without first auditing whether they deserve it-and resisting the urge to publicize every fault or turn disagreement into moral exile. Grace is not naïveté or moral apathy. It begins with a simple recognition: flawed people judging flawed people should proceed with humility. Given our cognitive limits and our incentives to posture and punish, restraint is often wiser-and more just-than righteousness. Drawing on moral psychology and political philosophy, Brennan shows that grace is not weakness but strength: a disciplined refusal to weaponize moral certainty. In a world eager to throw stones, he invites us to look again at our own glass houses-and set the stones down.
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