Rich and Poor in Grenoble, 1600–1814 reframes early modern French poor relief as an analytical lens on social structure, culture, and economic change. Rejecting siloed treatments of institutions, attitudes, or “the poor” as separate objects of study, Kathryn Norberg reconstructs the shifting relationship between elites and the indigent at their point of closest contact. Set within a single city of average size and typical trajectories, the book contests the homogenizing “Old Regime” frame by tracing long-run transformations across confessional revival, Enlightenment, and Revolution. Post-Tridentine Catholicism, confraternal activism, and the punitive humanitarianism of the seventeenth century (“seigneurial” charity) give way to eighteenth-century institutional retrenchment and new sensibilities toward poverty—culminating in a politically driven renaissance of relief after 1789. Throughout, Norberg integrates institutional history (hospitals, workhouses, dépôts de mendicité), elite discourse, and popular culture to show how religious imaginaries, economic dislocation, crime, illegitimacy, and mobility interacted to reshape the moral economy of assistance. Methodologically, the study is notable for its mixed archival and quantitative design. Norberg mobilizes an unusually rich evidentiary base—criminal court dossiers, bread-distribution rolls, registers of beggars and inmates—and, crucially, some 5,000 last wills and testaments. By pairing qualitative readings with statistical tools (including multiple regression and tobit analysis) and converting monetary values to constant livres, she tracks rates and meanings of charitable giving, distinguishes bequests to the poor from gifts to the Church, and gauges the reach of Counter-Reformation devotion and the impact of Enlightenment critiques. Key findings include a late-seventeenth-century surge in almsgiving absent any decline in poverty or crime; an eighteenth-century rise in illegitimacy amid falling violence; and an En
