Recognizing biology as the study of life at levels from the molecular to the ecological, scientists from a number of biological disciplines describe what exercise does at each biological level, the magnitude of what is happening, and its time course. They emphasize the context-dependence of factors that influence the biological response to exercise, including the type of exercise, aging, sex differences, and the physical environment. Among the topics are the theoretical and biological evaluation of the link between low exercise capacity and disease risk, the molecular regulation of exercise-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy, adaptations to endurance and strength training, skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: the role of myokines in exercise adaptations, and the role of microRNAs in the cardiac response to exercise. Annotation 2017 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)
