Bifacial Photovoltaics : Technology and systems (Energy Engineering) (2ND)

Bifacial photovoltaic technology has completed its transition from an emerging innovation to a mainstream solution within the solar industry. Bifacial modules are no longer regarded as a niche product and are now widely deployed, representing the predominant choice in most utility scale, commercial and many other solar projects. The change is being driven by the ability of bifacial PV systems to significantly increase energy yield and reduce levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Double-glass bifacial modules, in particular, offer durability, long-term stability, and enhanced performance in diverse environmental conditions. This second edition of Bifacial Photovoltaics: Technology and systems reflects the current state of bifacial PV technology and its future direction. The new edition has been substantially updated and revised, while retaining the structure of the original, offering systematic coverage from cells through to modules, systems, applications, impact on levelized costs, and the effects of environmental conditions. The editors and contributors have taken care to ensure that the content is comprehensive enough for newcomers to understand the topics without needing to refer to the first edition. They have aimed to cover all essential elements in this key technology that supports progress towards a clean, sustainable, decentral and independent energy supply. Attention is given to the developments in technology, manufacturing processes, standardized testing and performance outcomes that have led to bifacial photovoltaics becoming an established solution in utility-scale solar deployment. For example, advancements in cell architectures - such as PERC, TOPCon, HJT and BC tech - have further enhanced bifacial efficiency and power output. Larger wafer sizes and improved manufacturing processes continue to drive down costs, making bifacial modules an economically attractive choice worldwide. The development of standardized testing, performance measurement, and quality