Researchers in a wide range of biological and health sciences discuss probiotics--exogenous microbes--and prebiotics--compounds that increase the number and/or activity of endogenous microbes in the human gut--as beneficial to human health. Their topics include mechanisms of action of probiotic yeasts, the paradoxical role of Enterococcus species in foods, tools for studying the microbiota and microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract in the -omics era, cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics, and the use of probiotics to enhance animal performance. Annotation 2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)