The series Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (BZAW) covers all areas of research into the Old Testament, focusing on the Hebrew Bible, its early and later forms in Ancient Judaism, as well as its branching into many neighboring cultures of the Ancient Near East and the Greco-Roman world.
In the texts of Genesis 18 and 32, God appears to a patriarch in person and is referred to by the narrator as a man, both times by the Hebrew word ish. In both texts, God as ish is described in graphically human terms. This type of divine appearance is identified here as the "ish theophany". The phenomenon of God appearing in concrete human form is first distinguished from several other types of anthropomorphism, such as divine appearance in dreams. The ish theophany is viewed in relation to appearances of angels and other divine beings in the Bible, and in relation to anthropomorphic appearances of deities in Near Eastern literature. The ish theophany has implications for our understanding of Israelite concepts of divine-human contact and communication, and for the relationship to Ugaritic literature in particular. The book also includes discussion of philosophical approaches to anthropomorphism. The development of philosophical opposition to anthropomorphism can be traced from Greek philosophy and early Jewish and Christian writings through Avicenna, Averroes, Maimonides and Aquinas, and into the work of later philosophers such as Hume and Kant. However, the work of others can be applied fruitfully to the problem of divine anthropomorphism, such as Wittgenstein's language games.
Esther J. Hamori, Union Theological Seminary, New York, USA.
"Die interessante Arbeit, die die Exegese biblischer Texte in den Kontext der altorientalischen Literatur stellt und zudem mit religionsphilosophischen Fragen verbindet, schließt mit einem ausführlichen Literaturverzeichnis sowie mit verschiedenen Indizes."
B. Ego in: Zeitschrift für Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 122/2010
"[..]well-researched and often humoroulsy written monograph"
L.-S. Tiemeyer in: Book List - Society for Old Testament Study 2009
