§16§§ §TOR, the Target of Rapamycin was discovered a little over ten years ago in a genetic screen in S. cerevisiae in search of mutants resistant to the cytostatic effects of the antimycotic, rapamycin. Recent studies have placed TOR at the interface between nutrient sensing and the regulation of major anbolic and catabolic responses. The editors have gathered the leading figures in the field of TOR and its role in cellular homeostasis and human diseases. §04§TOR: The First Ten Years.- The Role of Phosphatases in TOR Signaling in Yeast.- Yeast TOR Signaling: A Mechanism for Metabolic Regulation.- Nutrient Signaling Through TOR Kinases Controls Gene Expression and Cellular Differentiation in Fungi.- Autophagy in Yeast: A TOR-Mediated Response to Nutrient Starvation.- The Fission Yeast TOR Proteins and the Rapamycin Response: an Unexpected Tale.- Plant Growth and the TOR Pathway.- TOR Action in Mammalian Cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans.- Genetic Analysis of TOR Signaling in Drosophila.- Interplay Between Growth Factor and Nutrient Signaling: Lessons from Drosophila TOR.- mTOR Signaling to Translation.- Modulation of the Protein Kinase Activity of mTOR.- Role of mTOR Signaling in the Control of Translation Initiation and Elongation by Nutrients.- Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of mTOR Signaling.- Raptor and mTOR: Subunits of a Nutrient-Sensitive Complex.- Kinase Activities Associated with mTOR.- mTOR: A Mediator of Intracellular Homeosta §04§sis.- mTOR as a Positive Regulator of Tumor Cell Responses to Hypoxia.- Retroviral Oncogenes and TOR.- mTOR as a Target for Cancer Therapy.
